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Association of gross domestic product with equitable access to childhood vaccines in 195 countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BMJ Glob Health
January 2025
African Vaccinology Network, Buea, Cameroon.
Introduction: Gross domestic product (GDP) has been shown to affect government spending on various budget heads including healthcare and the purchase and distribution of vaccines. This vulnerable situation has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic which disrupted and exposed the fragile nature of equitable access to vaccines for childhood immunisation globally. A systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association of country income status and GDP with vaccination coverage of vaccines for childhood immunisation and other major infectious diseases around the globe will inform global and national policy on equity in living standards and vaccine uptake.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRole of mothers in preventing tuberculosis in children: A scoping review.
Narra J
December 2024
Doctoral Program of Development Extension and Community Empowerment, School of Postgraduate Studies, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, especially for children. The aim of this scoping review was to investigate the role of mothers in preventing childhood TB transmission and highlight effective strategies and associated barriers. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, covering articles up to January 17, 2024.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCohort profile: the potentially preventable burden of community-acquired pneumonia in South African adults in the era of widespread PCV13 immunisation and antiretroviral therapy roll-out, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic - the multicentre, multimethod PotPrev Study.
BMJ Open
December 2024
Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.
Purpose: In the setting of an established childhood pneumococcal vaccination programme with immediate initiation and treatment of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV (PLWH), the risk of adult pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is not recently described. We aimed to investigate CAP incidence, recurrence, mortality, risk factors and microbiology before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Participants: Adults aged ≥18 years were enrolled in three South African provinces from March 2019 to October 2021, with a brief halt during the initial COVID-19 lockdown.
Childhood Tuberculosis-Advances in Treatment and Prevention.
Pediatr Pulmonol
January 2025
Department of Child Health School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Tuberculosis (TB) in childhood presents a substantial global burden with nearly two million episodes of disease in children and adolescents annually. The majority of children who die from TB never receive appropriate treatment. Advancements in childhood TB treatments have been slow and there are many challenges with TB treatment in children.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStool processing methods for Xpert Ultra testing in childhood tuberculosis: A prospective, multi-country accuracy study.
medRxiv
December 2024
FIND, Geneva, Switzerland.
Background: Centrifuge-free processing methods support stool Xpert Ultra testing for childhood tuberculosis (TB), but there are limited data on their accuracy, acceptability and usability.
Methods: We conducted a prospective evaluation of stool Xpert Ultra in India, South Africa, and Uganda with three methods: Stool Processing Kit (SPK), Simple One-Step (SOS), and Optimized Sucrose Flotation (OSF). Children <15 years old with presumptive TB had respiratory specimen testing with Xpert Ultra and culture.
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