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Specificity and tunability of efflux pumps: A new role for the proton gradient?
PLoS Comput Biol
January 2025
Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Efflux pumps that transport antibacterial drugs out of bacterial cells have broad specificity, commonly leading to broad spectrum resistance and limiting treatment strategies for infections. It remains unclear how efflux pumps can maintain this broad spectrum specificity to diverse drug molecules while limiting the efflux of other cytoplasmic content. We have investigated the origins of this broad specificity using theoretical models informed by the experimentally determined structural and kinetic properties of efflux pumps.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffector genes of type III secretion system and biofilm formation in virulent isolates carrying and genes in hospital environment.
J Med Microbiol
January 2025
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology (Micromol), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlndia, Uberlndia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
In critically ill patients, the occurrence of multidrug-resistant infection is a significant concern, given its ability to acquire multidrug-resistant, form biofilms and secrete toxic effectors. In Brazil, limited data are available regarding the prevalence of dissemination, and the impact of the type III secretion system (T3SS) on toxin production and biofilm formation in clinical isolates of . This study investigates the dissemination of virulent harbouring the and genes, the presence of T3SS genes and their biofilm-forming capability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHospital toilets and drainage systems as a reservoir for a long-term polyclonal outbreak of clinical infections with multidrug-resistant species complex.
Infect Prev Pract
March 2025
Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Background: Nosocomial outbreaks with multidrug-resistant bacteria with a probable reservoir in hospital toilets and drainage systems have been increasingly reported.
Aim: To investigate an increase in bacteraemia with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing at our hospital in 2021; the epidemiology of the outbreak suggested an environmental source.
Methods: Available clinical isolates from patient with infection or rectal carriage from 2019 to 2022 were collected.
Unlabelled: is a high-priority organism for the development of new antibacterial treatments. We found that the antimalarial medication mefloquine (MFQ) permeabilized the bacterial cell membrane of , decreased membrane fluidity, and caused physical injury to the membrane. MFQ also maintained activity across different pH conditions (PH range 5-8).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: The complement cascade is a front-line defense against pathogens. Complement activation generates the membrane attack complex (MAC), a 10-11 nm diameter pore formed by complement proteins C5b through C8 and polymerized C9. The MAC embeds within the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and displays bactericidal activity.
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