Initiation of febuxostat for acute gout flare does not prolong the current episode: a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: Our objective was to determine whether initiation of febuxostat during an acute gout flare prolongs the current episode.

Methods: In this randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded, multicentre trial, patients with acute gout flares within 72 h were randomized (1:1) to the placebo and febuxostat (40 mg/day) groups. All patients were administered diclofenac (150 mg/day) for 7 days and then open-labelled on the eighth day. Febuxostat 40 mg daily and diclofenac 75 mg daily were administered from day 8 through 28 for the remission period. The dose of diclofenac was 150 mg/day before remission in both arms, and the original protocol was maintained until remission. The primary outcome was 'days to resolution'.

Results: We randomized 140 patients, 70 into each arm. The mean days to resolution was 5.98 days [median 7.00, interquartile range (IQR) 2.45 days] for the placebo and 6.50 days (median 7.00, IQR 3.67 days) for the febuxostat group (P = 0.578). The rate of resolution within 7 days was 84.38% for the placebo group and 76.92% for the febuxostat group (P = 0.284). There were no statistically significant differences in joint pain, swelling, tenderness and erythema scores at days 1, 3, 5 and 7. The mean serum uric acid levels were 507.54 and 362.62 μmol/l for the placebo and febuxostat group, respectively, on day 7 (P = 0.000). The rate of recurrent gout flares was 10.00% for the placebo group and 6.56% for the febuxostat group from day 8 through 28 (P = 0.492).

Conclusion: Initiation of febuxostat administration during an acute gout flare did not prolong the duration of acute flares.

Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, http://www.chictr.org.cn/, ChiCTR1800015962.