The history of the development of today's very dependable three-piece inflatable penile prostheses is fascinating. In its infancy, the three piece was plagued with frequent revisions and a relatively complex insertion and consequently unitary and two-piece prostheses flourished with the implanting urologists. While the surgery was less difficult because these devices did not require the dreaded reservoir insertion, they often proved unsatisfactory to patients in flaccidity, erection and longevity. By the turn of this century all of the unitary and two-piece inflatables had been withdrawn from the market except the Ambicor two-piece inflatable penile prosthesis. This paper covers the history of the various unitary and 2-piece inflatable models before examining a critical question: is the Ambicor 2-piece still a needed implant today?

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41443-020-00367-7DOI Listing

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The history of the development of today's very dependable three-piece inflatable penile prostheses is fascinating. In its infancy, the three piece was plagued with frequent revisions and a relatively complex insertion and consequently unitary and two-piece prostheses flourished with the implanting urologists. While the surgery was less difficult because these devices did not require the dreaded reservoir insertion, they often proved unsatisfactory to patients in flaccidity, erection and longevity.

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The Development of Modern Penile Implants.

Sex Med Rev

April 2016

Department of Urology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL. Electronic address:

Introduction: Modern penile implants were introduced to the marketplace more than 40 years ago and were the first effective treatment of organic erectile dysfunction. The original devices were effective in restoring erections but were prone to early malfunction.

Aim: This article describes the penile implants tested in clinical trials and chronicles the changes implemented by penile implant vendors in perfecting their products to improve device longevity, ease of use, and patient satisfaction.

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