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Soil elemental analysis in a high conservation tropical forest in Singapore. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • A study was conducted to analyze soil elemental concentrations and trace metal contamination in the Nee Soon freshwater swamp forest of Singapore, using samples from 227 surface and 35 subsurface locations.
  • The results indicated a natural zonation of certain elements between upper and lower catchment areas, potentially misrepresenting contamination levels, though enrichment of metals like Cu, Pb, and Sb was traced back to human activities, especially from military training sites.
  • Despite not being highly contaminated overall, certain isolated areas with elevated metal concentrations may need management due to the ecological importance of this unique urban forest.

Article Abstract

To understand the distribution of soil elemental concentrations and their potential sources of trace metal contamination in the high-conservation Nee Soon freshwater swamp forest in Singapore, we analyzed samples from 227 surface and 35 subsurface (auger profiles) locations. Our assessment involved distribution maps, principle component analysis, cluster analysis, and correlation analysis of element concentrations determined from a mixed acid digestion and measurement on an ICP-MS. We found a distinct zonation in the distribution of several elements (Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn) between the upper and lower catchment that gives an erroneous notion of widespread contamination in the lower catchment. We believe this zonation is natural, likely related to differences in the underlying geology. However, Cu, Pb, and Sb concentrations were greatly enriched by anthropogenic activities on military training lands in the lower catchment, firing ranges in particular. Barium, Sr, and Zn also appear to be enriched in the lower part of the catchment, possibly from anthropogenic activities including military activity and roads. Although soils in the catchment are not highly contaminated, isolated areas with high concentrations of Cu, Pb and Sb may warrant management attention given the sensitive nature of the urban forest, which includes the last remaining fresh water swamp forest in Singapore.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.106DOI Listing

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