Measurements of the long-lived Kr and Cl radioisotopes in groundwater from the Negev Desert (Israel) were used to assess the Cl/Cl input ratios and Cl contents for paleorecharge into the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer (NSA). The reconstructed Cl content of the recharge flux was on the order of 300-400 mg/L. An initial Cl/Cl ratio of 50 × 10 was assessed for the groundwater replenishment in the Negev Desert since the late Pleistocene, in agreement with the Cl/Cl ratios in recent local rainwater. This is despite possible changes in the climatic conditions and the Cl production rates in the atmosphere over this timeframe. This similarity in values is explained by the major role played by the erosion and weathering of near-surface materials in the desert environment that dominate the hydrochemistry of rains, floods, and the consequent groundwater recharge. Spatial variation in the reconstructed initial Cl/Cl ratio is accounted for by the differences in the mineral aerosol sources for specific recharge areas of the NSA. Accordingly, regional variations in the Cl/Cl input in groundwater reservoirs surrounding the Mediterranean Sea indicate various processes that govern the Cl/Cl system. Finally, the results of this study highlight the great advantage of integrating Kr age information in evaluating the initial Cl/Cl and Cl input, which is essential for the calibration of Cl radioisotope as an available long-term dating tool for a given basin.
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