Postoperative Adjuvant Chemotherapy Improved the Prognosis in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Patients With Optimal Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Background: Few studies investigated the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in patients with optimal response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), and an optimal number of treatment cycles for these patients remains unknown.

Methods: A total of 261 Chinese patients with FIGO stage IB2-IIB cervical cancer who obtained an optimal response to NACT were included after radical surgery, and the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of these patients treated with different cycles of postoperative ACT were compared using the Log-rank test and multivariate analysis.

Results: We found that the prognosis of optimal responders treated with postoperative ACT was significantly better than those without further adjuvant therapy. The multivariate analysis showed that postoperative ACT was an independent prognostic factor for DFS. However, there was no significant difference in the DFS and OS between patients who had three cycles of ACT and those with six cycles. Further analysis revealed a significant association of six cycles of ACT with the risk of leukopenia, nausea/vomiting, and rash.

Conclusion: Our data suggest that additional three cycles of ACT after surgery may improve the clinical outcome of optimal responders in terms of DFS, OS, and drug toxicity.