The physical demands of daily life in developed countries have decreased remarkably during the last two centuries. General leisure time has increased and the age at retirement has decreased. General health has improved and life expectancy has increased. Most people can expect to live 20-30 years after retirement. By 2050, one in four people in Europe and North America will be aged 65 or over. Furthermore, women live longer than men. Generally, the physical demands on older women will be low. Thus, their physical fitness will decline, which in turn will affect a variety of organ systems and functions, and so impact on mental health, quality of life and independent living. This opinion paper explores exercise strategies for healthy ageing.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.10.012 | DOI Listing |
Introduction: 58 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and are at risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Direct-acting antivirals are highly effective; however, they are burdened by high costs and the unchanged risk of HCC and reinfection, making prophylactic countermeasures an urgent medical need. HCV high genetic diversity is one of the main obstacles to vaccine development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol
January 2025
Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi.
Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is driven by the severity of systemic inflammation, acute portal hypertension driving circulatory dysfunction, hyperbilirubinemia, and toxicity of bile acids. The spectrum is mostly structural, associated with reduced response to vasoconstrictors. The progression is rapid and need of renal replacement therapy and extracorporeal therapies may be required for the management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRisk Anal
January 2025
School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Communication research on scientific issues has traditionally relied on the deficit model, which posits that increasing scientific knowledge leads to public acceptance. However, this model's effectiveness is questioned due to inconclusive impacts of knowledge on acceptance. To address this, we propose a dual-process framework combining the deficit model (with scientific knowledge as a key predictor) and a normative opinion process model (where perceived majority opinion plays a crucial role) to predict people's risk/benefit perceptions and their support for genetic modification (GM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAddict Behav
January 2025
Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
Purpose: Self-reported drinker identity, the extent to which one views oneself as a drinker, is associated with alcohol consumption and related harms in young adults. The current study examined changes in self-reported drinker identity, theoretically relevant factors associated with drinker identity development, and drinker identity's association with changes in drinking and alcohol-related consequences. We hypothesized that drinker identity would increase over time; theoretically relevant factors would be significantly and positively associated with that increase, and increases in drinking identity would be associated with elevated drinking and related consequences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Therm Biol
January 2025
School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Wits, 2050, South Africa. Electronic address:
Questionnaires exploring tourists' perceptions of ideal climatic conditions are argued to be a more suitable data source for the development of tourism climate indices than the utilization and integration of expert opinion and pre-established thresholds. This assumes that those tourist respondents can accurately quantify meteorological conditions at a given point in time, and effectively discriminate between meteorological thresholds of suitable and unsuitable conditions. For variables such as rainfall and sunshine hours, this assumption is fairly reasonable.
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