We describe a 58-year-old Chinese man with schizophrenia who presented with an elevated clozapine level suspected to be related to acute infection.
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Adiponectin, resistin, interleukin-4 and TGF-β2 levels in treatment resistant schizophrenia patients.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina (UOI), P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece. Electronic address:
Background: The aim of the present study was to measure adiponectin, resistin, interleukin-4 and TGF-β levels in first episode, treatment resistant patients with schizophrenia.
Methods: In total, fifty-three treatment-resistant patients were included in the study. In subgroups of these patients, we measured Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Tumor Growth Factor-β2 (TGF-β2), adiponectin and resistin levels at three different timepoints: in the drug-naïve state, after two rounds of treatment with different antipsychotic drugs for a total of 16 weeks and, after clozapine treatment for 12 weeks.
Peripheral inflammatory and metabolic markers as potential biomarkers in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: Insights from a Qatari Cohort.
Psychiatry Res
February 2025
Division of Genomics and Precision Medicine, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar. Electronic address:
Schizophrenia presents significant diagnostic and treatment challenges, particularly in distinguishing between treatment-resistant (TRS) and non-treatment-resistant schizophrenia (NTRS). This cross-sectional study analyzed routine laboratory parameters as potential biomarkers to differentiate TRS, NTRS, and healthy individuals within a Qatari cohort. The study included 31 TRS and 38 NTRS patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, alongside 30 control subjects from the Qatar Biobank.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRare but elevated incidence of hematological malignancy after clozapine use in schizophrenia: A population cohort study.
PLoS Med
December 2024
Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
Background: Clozapine is widely regarded as a highly efficacious psychotropic drug that is largely underused worldwide. Recent disproportionality analyses and nationwide case-control studies suggested a potential association between clozapine use and hematological malignancy (HM). Nevertheless, the absolute rate difference is not well-established due to the absence of analytic cohort studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTherapeutic drug monitoring vs. pharmacogenetic testing in the context of elevated olanzapine concentrations and prior clozapine intolerability: a case study.
BMC Psychiatry
December 2024
University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 1001 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Strong evidence supports therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for olanzapine and clozapine, but TDM for olanzapine is often underused despite its effectiveness.
- A case study of a 32-year-old male with schizoaffective disorder demonstrated that while olanzapine dosing revealed high levels indicating poor metabolism, pharmacogenetic tests did not provide useful information about his drug metabolism.
- The conclusion emphasizes the importance of TDM over pharmacogenomic testing for managing medications like olanzapine and clozapine, especially in patients suspected of having altered CYP1A2 metabolism.
Significant haematological alterations in clozapine-treated patients: prevalence and clinical correlation.
Acta Neuropsychiatr
November 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey.
Objectives: Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic crucial for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, characterised by its multi-receptor targeting, including serotonin (5-HT2A, 5-HT2C) and dopamine (D1, D2, D3, D4) receptors, among others. This broad mechanism is effective against positive symptoms of schizophrenia with a lower incidence of extrapyramidal side effects. However, clozapine poses significant haematological risks, notably agranulocytosis, necessitating stringent blood monitoring protocols.
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