Profiles of patients with cocaine and alcohol use disorder based on cognitive domains and their relationship with relapse.

Background: Relapse in drug use constitutes a research topic on addiction that is relevant for understanding both the addictive process and its clinical implications. The objective of this study was to explore if it is possible to identify patient profiles according to their performance on cognitive tasks whilst examining the relationship between such profiles and relapse.

Methods: The sample consisted of 222 patients with dependence on cocaine and / or alcohol, of which 86 % were men. Cognitive domains related to salience, decision- making, and emotional processing were measured.

Results: Latent class analysis revealed three patient profiles that differ in terms of performance on cognitive tasks. Two of these profiles are clearly differentiated in terms of their execution of the impulsive decision-making task. The third patient profile, unlike the latter two, is composed of patients with severe alterations in the three domains evaluated. Analysis revealed that patients in Profile 3 are those with the highest rates of relapse in cocaine (Profile 1 = 40.3 %; Profile 2 = 35.6 %; Profile 3 = 69.2 %; Chi2 = 9.169; p < .05) and cocaine and alcohol use (Profile 1 = 55.1 %; Profile 2 = 54.1 %; Profile 3 = 80 %; Chi2 = 6.698; p < .05).

Conclusions: The results support the postulates of the I-RISA model. From a clinical perspective, these findings highlight the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the cognitive domains involved in addiction.