A number of clinical trials are currently underway worldwide to assess whether BCG, the old vaccine against tuberculosis, can protect against COVID-19 infection. In this Perspective, we briefly outline the background, the immunological mechanisms (in particular induction of 'innate immune memory' or 'trained immunity'), and further considerations for the potential future use of BCG against viral and other infections.
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Oncological outcomes and prognostic implications of T1 histo-anatomic substaging in the management of high-Grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: results from a large single centre series.
World J Urol
December 2024
Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Purpose: This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the prognostic value of T1 histo-anatomic substaging (T1a/T1b) for high grade (HG) non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) over a large single-centre cohort.
Materials And Methods: Patients with primary HG T1 NMIBC were identified from our Institutional database, between 2011 and 2022. Data from diagnosis to repeated transurethral resection of bladder tumour (RE-TURBT), bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment and follow-up were collected.
Humoral correlate of vaccine-mediated protection from tuberculosis identified in humans and non-human primates.
bioRxiv
December 2024
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
Development of an effective tuberculosis (TB) vaccine has been challenged by incomplete understanding of specific factors that provide protection against (Mtb) and the lack of a known correlate of protection (CoP). Using a combination of samples from a vaccine showing efficacy (DarDar [NCT00052195]) and Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-immunized humans and nonhuman primates (NHP), we identify a humoral CoP that translates across species and vaccine regimens. Antibodies specific to the DarDar vaccine strain () sonicate (MOS) correlate with protection from the efficacy endpoint of definite TB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComplications of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine as an early warning sign of inborn errors of immunity: a report of 197 patients.
Front Immunol
December 2024
Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Background: According to the WHO's recommendation for developing countries, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination has been implemented in some countries as part of national vaccination programs at birth. Although it is generally considered safe, some complications may occur; including BCGitis (local) or BCGosis (systemic), ranging from mild like local abscesses to fatal impediments like osteomyelitis and disseminated BCG infection. This study aimed to determine the spectrum of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) in BCG-vaccinated neonates experiencing local or systemic complications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntradermal versus subcutaneous immunization: Effects of administration route using a lipid-PLGA hybrid nanoparticle tuberculosis vaccine.
Eur J Pharm Sci
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Department of Infectious Diseases, LUCID, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), The Netherlands.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, latently affecting around a quarter of the global population. The sole licensed TB vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), shows variable efficacy, particularly among adolescents and adults, underscoring the pressing need for more effective vaccination strategies. The administration route is crucial for vaccine efficacy, and administration via the skin, being rich in immune cells, may offer advantages over conventional subcutaneous routes, which lack direct access to abundant antigen-presenting cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffectiveness of the primary Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine against the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease: a meta-analysis of individual participant data.
Lancet Microbe
December 2024
Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Global Health and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Background: Tuberculosis vaccine trials using disease as the primary endpoint are large, time consuming, and expensive. An earlier immunological measure of the protection against disease would accelerate tuberculosis vaccine development. We aimed to assess whether the effectiveness of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine for prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was consistent with that for prevention of tuberculosis disease.
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