Control of by Indigenous Antagonistic Yeast from Vineyards.

Biocontrol is one of the most promising alternatives to synthetic fungicides for food preservation. , and section are the most concerning pathogens for grape development. However, frequently, other species, such as in this study, are predominant in spoiled bunches. In this work, 54 native yeasts from vineyards were screened by direct confrontation in potato dextrose agar plates as antagonists against . Isolates of , , and were selected for their antagonist activity in vitro, plus isolates of , and were used as negative controls. However, in vivo, confrontations in wounded grapes showed disagreement with direct confrontation in vitro. , , , and significantly reduced the incidence of on grapes. Nevertheless, , and themselves spoiled the wounded grapes. Inhibitions were associated with different mechanisms such as the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), lytic enzymes, biofilm formation, and competition for nutrients. The isolates of L18 (a producer of antifungal VOCs which completely inhibited the incidence of ) and L29 (with pectinase, chitinase and β-glucanase activity and biofilm formation which reduced 70% of the incidence of ) are proposed as suitable biocontrol agents against .