Introduction: Most people with persistent tics report an unpleasant sensation (premonitory urge) before the tic. In recent years, interest in these sensory phenomena has increased due to their important role in behavioural therapy. However, instruments for assessing these sensations remain scarce. Among the available instruments, the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS) is the most widely used.
Methods: We examined the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Spanish-language version of the PUTS in a sample of 72 children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome or persistent tic disorders. We analysed data from the total sample and by age group (children up to 10 years old and children/adolescents over 10).
Results: The PUTS presented good internal consistency and moderate correlations between items on the scale (except for item one). Divergent validity was good, test-retest reliability was adequate, and a bifactorial structure was identified (one dimension related to mental phenomena reported in obsessive-compulsive disorder, and another related to the quality and frequency of premonitory urges). These results were replicated in both age groups, with lower divergent validity and test-retest reliability in the younger group.
Conclusions: The Spanish-language version of the PUTS is a valid, reliable tool for assessing premonitory urges in both children and adolescents, especially after the age of 10.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2020.09.006 | DOI Listing |
Eur J Clin Pharmacol
October 2024
Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St., 60-806, Poznan, Poland.
Background: Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and phonic tics. It is a condition that affects between 0.3% and 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurosci Biobehav Rev
August 2024
Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
Mov Disord
August 2024
Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Background: Gamification of behavioral intervention for tic disorders (TDs) potentially enhances compliance and offers key clinical advantages. By delivering immediate positive feedback upon tic-suppression, games may counteract negative reinforcement, which presumably contribute to tic consolidation by relieving uncomfortable premonitory urges.
Objectives: We developed a gamified protocol (XTics), which leverages this potential by combining gamified tic-triggering with immediate feedback, and evaluated its clinical value in enhancing tic suppression.
BMC Pediatr
May 2024
Department of Psychological Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China.
Background: The Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS) is a common self-report measure of premonitory urges for patients with tic disorders. This study aims to evaluate the Chinese version of the PUTS (PUTS-C) and to explore its association with psychiatric symptoms in Chinese children diagnosed with tic disorders.
Methods: The psychometric evaluation involved 204 outpatients with tic disorders, aged 7-16 years, who were divided into two age groups: (7-10 years, n = 103; 11-16 years, n = 95).
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