Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Shows Distinct Functional Connectivity Patterns in Different Thalamic Nuclei.

The thalamus, as a key relay of neuronal information flow between subcortical structures and cortical networks, has been implicated in focal limbic seizures propagation, awareness maintenance, and seizure-related cognitive deficits. However, the specific functional alterations between different thalamic nuclei and subcortical-cortical systems in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) remain largely unknown. We examined thalamic functional connectivity (FC) in 26 TLE patients and 30 healthy controls matched for sex, age, and education. The anterior (ANT), ventral posterior medial, and central lateral nuclei of thalamus were employed to establish whole-brain seed-to-voxel thalamic FC maps. Secondary Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to assess associations between the abnormal thalamic FC and the memory performance in TLE. Seed-based FC analyses revealed typical distinct FC patterns within each thalamic nuclei in both controls and TLE patients. The TLE showed significantly decreased FC between different thalamic nuclei and subcortical-cortical networks, including the limbic structures, midbrain, sensorimotor network, medial prefrontal cortex, temporal-occipital fusiform gyrus, and cerebellum. Verification analyses yielded similar patterns of thalamic FC changes in TLE. Importantly, the decreased FC between the ANT and hippocampal pathway was correlated with the poorer memory performance of TLE. These findings suggest that the distinct thalamocortical FC patterns are damaged to some extent in TLE patients. Importantly, the specific pathology of the ANT-hippocampal pathway in TLE may be a potential factor that contributes to memory deficits. Our study may pave the way for improved treatments and cognitive function by directly targeting different thalamocortical circuits for TLE.