Összefoglaló. A szerző a bevezetőben emlékeztet a több mint 50 évvel korábbi publikációjára (Orv Hetil. 1968; 109: 360-363) és annak utóéletére: az 1970-es években megállt a jódprevenció fejlődése. Ezt követően ismerteti az utóbbi 50 év jódellátottságra vonatkozó fontosabb hazai eredményeit. A számszerű adatok szerint az iskolás gyermekek, várandós anyák, idősek és újszülöttek jódellátottságára, valamint az anyatej jódtartalmára vonatkozó sorozatvizsgálatok az ezredforduló előtt egybehangzóan enyhe, illetve mérsékelt jódhiányra utaltak. Az utóbbi két évtizedben egyre többször váltak adekváttá az ugyanezen kategóriák jódellátottságát jelző eredmények. A szabályozatlan jódozottsó-forgalom (fakultatív jódprevenció) ellenére, valószínűleg a sikeres felvilágosítási kampányok miatt, a lakosság jódellátottsága határozottan javult. Ezt a szituációt nevezik "silent" profilaxisnak. Ezzel a módszerrel nem lehet a jódhiányt teljesen felszámolni. A legnagyobb kockázatot a várandós anyák (közel felének!) hiányos jódpótlása jelenti az utódok agyfejlődésének veszélyeztetése miatt. A befejezésben az EUthyroid Consortium "Krakkói kiáltvány"-ának (2018) rövid ismertetése tartalmazza a teendőket. A kötelező jódprevencióhoz a nem jódozott sót ki kell váltani jódozott sóval szinte minden élelmiszerben. A graviditás alatt megnövekedett igényt az élelmiszerekben lévő jód gyakran nem fedezi, ilyenkor több jódpótlásra van szükség. Az egészségügyi szerveknek meg kell valósítaniuk a jóddúsító program összehangolt, rendszeres monitorozását és kiértékelését a lakosság optimális jódellátottságának biztosításához. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(50): 2107-2116. Summary. In the introduction, the author reminds the readers of his publication presented more than 50 years ago in the same journal ("Data to the present state of the goiter problem in Hungary", 1968) and of its afterlife: the development of iodine prevention stopped in the 1970s. Then the major Hungarian results are reviewed related to the iodine supply gained in the latter 50 years. Numerical data are presented showing mild or moderate iodine deficiency according to the results of a range of screening studies among schoolchildren, pregnant women, elderly people and newborns as well as by iodine content of breast milk before the millennium. In the same categories, the data indicating the level of iodine supply became increasingly adequate in the recent two decades. The iodine supply of the people improved markedly, in spite of unregulated iodized salt trade (facultative prevention), presumably because of the successful public-information campaigns. This situation is called "silent" prophylaxis. The total eradication of iodine deficiency is impossible with this method. The highest risk is the deficient iodine supply of pregnant women (almost the half!) due to the endangerment of the offspring's brain development. In the end, a brief review of the Krakow Declaration on Iodine of the EUthyroid Consortium comprises the round of the duties. To the mandatory iodine prevention, iodized salt should replace non-iodized salt in nearly all food productions. During pregnancy, the increased need for iodine is frequently not covered by food sources, more iodine supplement is needed. Health authorities should perform harmonized monitoring and evaluation of fortification programs at regular intervals to ensure optimal iodine supply to the population. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(50): 2107-2116.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2020.31939 | DOI Listing |
Se Pu
February 2025
CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
Chemical modifications are widely used in research fields such as quantitative proteomics and interaction analyses. Chemical-modification targets can be roughly divided into four categories, including those that integrate isotope labels for quantification purposes, probe the structures of proteins through covalent labeling or cross-linking, incorporate labels to improve the ionization or dissociation of characteristic peptides in complex mixtures, and affinity-enrich various poorly abundant protein translational modifications (PTMs). A chemical modification reaction needs to be simple and efficient for use in proteomics analysis, and should be performed without any complicated process for preparing the labeling reagent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Urol
January 2025
Department of Urology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 102208, China.
Purpose: The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility of using the TianJi Robot system for navigated needle positioning in the PCNL procedure in vitro.
Methods: A pig kidney with a segment of ureter was selected as the in vitro organ model. Iodine contrast agent was infused into the renal pelvis to dilate the renal pelvis and calyx to establish the in vitro hydronephrosis model.
Materials (Basel)
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can utilize the residual photons from indoor light and continuously supplement the energy supply for low-power electron devices, thereby showing the great potential for sustainable energy ecosystems. However, the solution-processed perovskites suffer from serious defect stacking within crystal lattices, compromising the low-light efficiency and operational stability. In this study, we designed a multifunctional organometallic salt named sodium sulfanilate (4-ABS), containing both electron-donating amine and sulfonic acid groups to effectively passivate the positively-charged defects, like under-coordinated Pb ions and iodine vacancies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Bio Mater
January 2025
Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.
Transarterial embolization (TAE) is an image-guided, minimally invasive procedure for treating various clinical conditions by delivering embolic agents to occlude diseased arteries. Conventional embolic agents focus on vessel occlusion but can cause unintended long-term inflammation and ischemia in healthy tissues. Next-generation embolic agents must exhibit biocompatibility, biodegradability, and effective drug delivery, yet some degradable microspheres degrade too quickly, leading to the potential migration of fragments into distal blood vessels causing off-target embolization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Technol
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Iodinated DBPs (I-DBPs), many more toxic than regulated chlorinated and/or brominated DBPs, are a major challenge in the supply of safe drinking water. While over 800 DBPs have been identified, the occurrence and precursors of toxic I-DBPs remain poorly understood. Herein, natural organic matter from two raw drinking waters was fractionated using ultrafiltration membranes into different groups based on molecular weight (MW).
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