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Clinical characteristics of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody among aquaporin-4 negative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in Egyptian patients.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo, Egypt.
Some patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)-like symptoms test negative for anti-aquaporin-4 (anti-AQP4) antibodies. Among them, a subset has antibodies targeting myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), a condition now termed MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). MOGAD shares features with NMOSD, like optic neuritis and myelitis, but differs in pathophysiology, clinical presentation, imaging findings, and biomarkers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of Glucocorticoid-Associated Stress-Like Conditions on Aquaporin-4 in Cultured Astrocytes and Its Modulation by Adenosine A Receptors.
J Neurochem
January 2025
FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Article Synopsis
- Astrocytes help clear proteins and waste in the brain using aquaporin-4 (AQP4), which can be disrupted in stress-related disorders.
- Dexamethasone (Dexa), a glucocorticoid used to model stress, was found to reduce the activity of AQP4 and its associated proteins in astrocytes, leading to impaired protein clearance.
- The study suggests that blocking adenosine A receptors (AR) can restore AQP4 function and clearance, indicating a potential therapeutic strategy to address neurological disorders linked to stress and protein accumulation.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induce Brain Edema Around Intracerebral Hematoma via ERK-Mediated Regulation of MMP9 and AQP4.
Transl Stroke Res
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Rd, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400010, China.
Perihematomal edema (PHE) significantly aggravates secondary brain injury in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), yet its detailed mechanisms remain elusive. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are known to exacerbate neurological deficits and worsen outcomes after stroke. This study explores the potential role of NETs in the pathogenesis of brain edema following ICH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNovel Perspectives Focused on the Relationship Between Herpesvirus Encephalitis and Anti-GFAP-Antibody-Positive Astrocytopathy.
Mol Neurobiol
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Virus encephalitis (VE), recognized as one of the common kinds of central nervous system (CNS) diseases after virus infection, has a surprising correlation with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) when autoimmune antibodies emerge in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum. Herpes simplex virus and Epstein-Barr virus are the most critical agents worldwide. By molecular mimicry, herpes viruses can invade the brain directly or indirectly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical efficacy of efgartigimod combined with intravenous methylprednisolone in the acute phase of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.
Orphanet J Rare Dis
December 2024
Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Background: Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD) comprise a group of autoimmune-mediated, inflammatory, demyelinating central nervous system diseases caused by aquaporin-4 (AQP4) IgG autoantibodies. Efgartigimod is a human IgG Fc fragment that reduces antibody titers by targeting the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). This study documents the efficacy of efgartigimod combined with intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) in the acute phase of NMOSD.
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