Individuals with schizophrenia may fail to appropriately use temporal context and apply past environmental regularities to the interpretation of incoming sensory information. Here we use the visual system as a test bed for investigating how prior experience shapes perception in individuals with schizophrenia. Specifically, we use visual aftereffects, illusory percepts resulting from prior exposure to visual input, to measure the influence of prior events on current processing. At a neural level, visual aftereffects arise due to attenuation in the responses of neurons that code the features of the prior stimulus (neuronal adaptation) and subsequent disinhibition of neurons signaling activity at the opposite end of the feature dimension. In the current study, we measured tilt aftereffects and negative afterimages, 2 types of aftereffects that reflect, respectively, adaptation of cortical orientation-coding neurons and adaptation of subcortical and retinal luminance-coding cells in persons with schizophrenia (PSZ; n = 36) and demographically matched healthy controls (HC; n = 22). We observed stronger tilt aftereffects in PSZ compared to HC, but no difference in negative afterimages. Stronger tilt aftereffects were related to more severe negative symptoms. These data suggest oversensitivity to recent regularities, in the form of stronger visual adaptation, at cortical, but not subcortical, levels in schizophrenia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8100990 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/abn0000653 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Humans can acquire and maintain motor skills throughout their lives through motor learning. Motor learning and skill acquisition are essential for rehabilitation following neurological disease or injury. Adaptation, the initial stage of motor learning, involves short-term changes in motor performance in response to a new demand in the person's environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTactile adaptation to orientation produces a robust tilt aftereffect and exhibits crossmodal transfer when tested in vision.
Sci Rep
May 2024
School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Orientation processing is one of the most fundamental functions in both visual and somatosensory perception. Converging findings suggest that orientation processing in both modalities is closely linked: somatosensory neurons share a similar orientation organisation as visual neurons, and the visual cortex has been found to be heavily involved in tactile orientation perception. Hence, we hypothesized that somatosensation would exhibit a similar orientation adaptation effect, and this adaptation effect would be transferable between the two modalities, considering the above-mentioned connection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAftereffect of perceived motion trajectories.
iScience
April 2024
Department of Psychology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan.
If our visual system has a distinct computational process for motion trajectories, such a process may minimize redundancy and emphasize variation in object trajectories by adapting to the current statistics. Our experiments show that after adaptation to multiple objects traveling along trajectories with a common tilt, the trajectory of an object was perceived as tilting on the repulsive side. This trajectory aftereffect occurred irrespective of whether the tilt of the adapting stimulus was physical or an illusion from motion-induced position shifts and did not differ in size across the physical and illusory conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStronger tilt aftereffects in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders but not bipolar disorder.
Schizophr Res
February 2024
Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America.
An altered use of context and experience to interpret incoming information has been posited to explain schizophrenia symptoms. The visual system can serve as a model system for examining how context and experience guide perception and the neural mechanisms underlying putative alterations. The influence of prior experience on current perception is evident in visual aftereffects, the perception of the "opposite" of a previously viewed stimulus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe push-pull of serial dependence effects: Attraction to the prior response and repulsion from the prior stimulus.
Psychon Bull Rev
February 2024
Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
In the "serial dependence" effect, responses to visual stimuli appear biased toward the last trial's stimulus. However, several kinds of serial dependence exist, with some reflecting prior stimuli and others reflecting prior responses. One-factor analyses consider the prior stimulus alone or the prior response alone and can consider both variables only via separate analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!