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Iconoclasm and evidence implementation. The case for change in obstetric general anaesthesia.
Anaesthesia
April 2021
Department of Anaesthesia, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
Bucking the tide in family violence research.
Trauma Violence Abuse
October 2008
Family Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824.
This autobiographical article recounts a 60-year career on research and teaching, 40 of which focused on interpersonal violence against other family members. Much of that research was carried despite prevailing beliefs which characterized either the methodology or the theory to be wrong. The article illustrates four underlining themes: iconoclasm; capitalizing on chance occurrences to select research topics; the conflict between ideology, evidence, and steps taken by critics to deny or discredit the results of my research; and the role of the personal history and the personality of the researcher in molding a scientific career.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeterodoxy, iconoclasm and spuriousness: the limits of novel expert evidence.
J Law Med
December 2007
A difficult issue arises for courts' decision-making at common law and under statutory evidentiary regimes when expert opinions are significantly unorthodox, iconoclastic or methodologically flawed. This editorial analyses the relevant evidentiary principles and the Australian jurisprudence on the subject, giving particular attention to the decisions of the South Australian Supreme Court in R v Parenzee [2007] SASC 143 and R v Parenzee [2007] SASC 316 in which expert opinions about the existence, identifiability and transmissibility of HIV and its relationship to AIDS adduced on behalf of the defence in a criminal trial were found to be seriously wanting. A variety of factors indicative of low probative value in expert opinions are distilled.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn evolutionary theory of schizophrenia: cortical connectivity, metarepresentation, and the social brain.
Behav Brain Sci
December 2004
Department of Psychiatry, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
Schizophrenia is a worldwide, prevalent disorder with a multifactorial but highly genetic aetiology. A constant prevalence rate in the face of reduced fecundity has caused some to argue that an evolutionary advantage exists in unaffected relatives. Here, I critique this adaptationist approach, and review--and find wanting--Crow's "speciation" hypothesis.
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