Down-regulation of and as potential predicting biomarkers for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC): Indonesian retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has remained the first line strategy for treatment of advanced prostate cancers. Despite the profound efficacy of ADT in preventing clinical remission, 30-50% of advanced prostate cancer will develop resistance to hormonal deprivation therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the potential role of and expressions as biomarkers for predicting time to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Methods: The clinical and pathological data of patients with prostate cancer were collected retrospectively from Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. Between 2015 and 2019, a total of 36 patients who received castration were included. Expressions of mRNA of and from primary tumors were quantified using quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR).

Results: The expressions of mRNA of and increased in prostate cancer tissues compared to hyperplastic prostates and significantly downregulated in metastatic prostate cancers ( < 0.001). Lower mRNA expression correlated with shorter time to CRPC among patients treated with ADT ( = 0.006). In addition, stratified analysis showed that lower mRNA expression was significantly associated with shorter CRPC both in metastatic ( = 0.017) and non-metastatic ( = 0.001) prostate cancer patients.

Conclusions: Low expression of mRNA of and 3 has been shown to be a potential marker of shorter time to develop CRPC in patients with advanced stages of prostate cancer treated with ADT. Meanwhile, ISUP score >4 were not shown predictive value on time to CRPC.