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The influence of adding nanoparticles on the ascast morphology of spin coated immiscible polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS/PMMA) thin films of different thickness () and composition (, volume ratio of PS to PMMA) has been explored in this article. To understand the precise effect of nanoparticle addition, the morphology of PS/PMMA thin blend films spin cast from toluene on a native oxide covered silicon wafer substrate was first investigated. It is seen that in particle free films, the generic morphology of the films remains nearly unaltered with increase in , for = 3:1 and 1:3. In contrast, strong dependent morphology transformation is observed in films with = 1:1. Subsequently, thiol-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNP) containing films with different particle concentrations () were cast from the same solvent along with the polymer mixture. We observe that addition of AuNPs barely alters the generic morphology of the films with = 3:1. In contrast, the presence of the particles significantly influences the morphology of the films with = 1:1 and 1:3, particularly at higher (≈10.0%). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray reflectivity of some samples reveal that the AuNPs tend to migrate to the free surface through the PS phase, thereby stabilizing this layer partially or fully (depending on ) against dewetting over a surface of adsorbed PMMA layer and influencing the ascast morphology as a function of . The work is fundamentally important in understanding largely overlooked implications of nanoparticle addition on the morphology of PS/PMMA blend thin films which forms the fundamental basis for future interesting studies involving dynamics of nanoparticles within the blend thin films.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02584 | DOI Listing |
ACS Earth Space Chem
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.
Iodine in the atmosphere destroys ozone and can nucleate particles by formation of iodic acid, HIO. Recent field observations suggest iodate recycles from particles sustaining significant gas-phase IO radical concentrations (0.06 pptv) in aged stratospheric air, and in elevated dust plumes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanoscale Adv
December 2024
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA
The use of metal oxide catalysts to enhance plasma CO reduction has seen significant recent development towards processes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and produce renewable chemical feedstocks. While plasma reactors are effective at producing the intended chemical transformations, the conditions can result in catalyst degradation. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) can be used to synthesize complex, hierarchically structured metal oxide plasma catalysts that, while active for plasma CO reduction, are potentially vulnerable to degradation due to their high surface area and nanoscopic thickness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
December 2024
Shenzhen institute of advanced technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Functional Thin Films Research Centre, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, 518000, SHENZHEN, CHINA.
Organics electrode materials offer multi-electron reactivity, flexible structures, and redox reversibility, but encounter poor conductivity and durability in electrolytes. To overcome above barriers, we propose a dual elongation strategy of π-conjugated motifs with active sites, involving extended carbazole and electropolymerized crosslinked polymer, which enhances electronic conductivity by the electronic delocalization of electron-withdrawing conjugated groups, boosts theoretical capacity by increasing redox-active site density, and endows robust electrochemical stability attributed to crosslinked organic structures. As a proof-of-concept, 5,11-dihydridoindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (DHIC) is selected as the model cathode material for a dual-ion battery, with elongated carbazole groups functioning both as redox-active centers and polymerization anchors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Condens Matter
December 2024
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi, 110016, INDIA.
We have grown (111)- and (001)-oriented NiO thin films on (0001)-Sapphire and (001)-MgO substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD), respectively. DC magnetic susceptibility measurements underline that the Néel temperatures of the samples are beyond room-temperature. This is further confirmed by the presence of two-magnon Raman scattering modes in these films in ambient conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTaking into account phase-polarization interactions is crucial for the formation of spatially structured laser beams. The effects that arise in this context can lead to the modulation of individual field components and the transformation of the overall light field. In this study, we investigate the impact of phase and polarization distributions with radial dependencies in polar coordinates on the longitudinal component of laser beams passing through a transmissive spatial light modulator (SLM) based on twisted nematic liquid crystals.
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