This study investigated the effect of taper and apical preparation size on the fracture resistance of roots. 84 mandibular incisor teeth were selected. Groups (n = 12): uninstrumented (control group), 25/0.04, 25/0.06, 25/0.08, 30/0.04, 30/0.06 and 30/0.08. K3XF files (Kerr Endodontics, Orange, CA) were used for canal preparation. Fracture resistance was tested using a Universal test machine. For statistical analysis, the level of significance was P ≤ 0.05, and one-way anova and post hoc LSD tests were used. The control group showed the highest fracture resistance (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between 25/0.04 and 25/0.06; 25/0.06 and 25/0.08; 30/0.04 and 30/0.06; 30/0.06 and 30/0.08; 25/0.04 and 30/0.04; 25/0.06 and 30/0.06; and 25/0.08 and 30/0.08 (P > 0.05). Significant differences were found between 25/0.04 and 25/0.08; 30/0.04 and 30/0.08; and 25/0.08 and 30/0.04 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the clinical selection of larger tapers can cause a higher risk of fracture.
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