Causes and treatment of idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo based on endocrinological and other metabolic factors.

The genesis of the Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) seems to be related to some metabolic factors. These factors, such as vitamin D, glucocorticoids, and even thyroid and growth hormones, can affect bone metabolism and the mineralization of otoconia. It also seems to link to factors related to aging or nutritional habits. Besides, since the incidence of BPPV is quantitatively higher in women than in men, female sex steroids could be associated with this process. It could be useful to understand how these factors act in otoconial mineralization if we want to develop treatments aimed at preventing or delaying BPPV recurrences. In this review, we will analyze the role of these metabolic and hormonal factors in otoconial mineralization and in the treatment of BPPV.