Serum Levels of Glutamate-Pyruvate Transaminase, Glutamate-Oxaloacetate Transaminase and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase in 1494 Patients with Various Genotypes for the Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Gene.

Background: Patients with liver disease associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) are homozygous for the Z mutation, leading to chronic liver damage.

Objective: To assess the serum levels of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in patients with different genotypes for the alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) gene.

Methods: Patients ( = 1494) underwent genotyping of the gene, together with a determination of AAT and GOT and GPT and GGT transaminase levels. Patients with a deficient allele ( = 476) and with a normal genotype were compared.

Results: A statistically significant association was found between deficient genotypes and GOT ( < 0.0003), GPT ( < 0.002), and GGT ( < 0.006). Comparing GOT levels in patients with deficient variant versus those with normal genotype, an odds ratio (OR) of 2.72 (CI: 1.5-4.87) ( < 0.0005) was obtained. This finding was replicated with the allele and the GPT values (OR = 2.31; CI: 1.45-3.67; < 0.0003). In addition, a statistically significant association was found between liver enzymes and AAT values.

Conclusion: The allele seemed to be a risk factor for the development of liver damage. AAT deficient genotypes were associated with GOT, GPT, and GGT altered values. Low AAT levels were associated with high GPT and GGT levels.