The turbulent thermal convection on the Sun is an example of an irreversible non-equilibrium phenomenon in a quasi-steady state characterized by a continuous entropy production rate. Here, the statistical features of a proxy of the local entropy production rate, in solar quiet regions at different timescales, are investigated and compared with the symmetry conjecture of the steady-state fluctuation theorem by Gallavotti and Cohen. Our results show that solar turbulent convection satisfies the symmetries predicted by the fluctuation relation of the Gallavotti and Cohen theorem at a local level.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22070716 | DOI Listing |
Plants (Basel)
December 2024
The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, China.
The relative impacts of biochemical and stomatal limitations on photosynthesis during photosynthetic induction have been well studied for diverse plants under ambient CO concentration (). However, a knowledge gap remains regarding how the various photosynthetic components limit duction efficiency under elevated CO. In this study, we experimentally investigated the influence of elevated CO (from 400 to 800 μmol mol) on photosynthetic induction dynamics and its associated limitation components in two broadleaved tree species, and .
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December 2024
School of Material Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
Insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), as an important power semiconductor device, are susceptible to thermal stress, thermal fatigue, and mechanical stresses under high-voltage, high-current, and high-power conditions. Elevated heat dissipation within the module leads to fluctuating rises in temperature that accelerate its own degradation and failure, ultimately causing damage to the module as a whole and posing a threat to operator safety. Through ANSYS Workbench simulation analysis, it is possible to accurately predict the temperature distribution, equivalent stress, and equivalent strain of solder materials under actual working conditions, thus revealing the changing laws of the heat-mechanical interaction in solder materials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
School of Mechanical & Electronical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Electrical Engineering, Imam Khomeini Naval Science University of Nowshahr, Nowshahr, Iran.
The maximum power delivered by a photovoltaic system is greatly influenced by atmospheric conditions such as irradiation and temperature and by surrounding objects like trees, raindrops, tall buildings, animal droppings, and clouds. The partial shading caused by these surrounding objects and the rapidly changing atmospheric parameters make maximum power point tracking (MPPT) challenging. This paper proposes a hybrid MPPT algorithm that combines the benefits of the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) and hill climbing (HC) techniques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBull Math Biol
January 2025
Department of Theoretical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, 24306, Ploen, Germany.
The human immune system can recognize, attack, and eliminate cancer cells, but cancers can escape this immune surveillance. Variants of ecological predator-prey models can capture the dynamics of such cancer control mechanisms by adaptive immune system cells. These dynamical systems describe, e.
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