Ionic Liquid Stationary Phase for Improving Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatographic Separation of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes.

The performance of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS) using a column combination of a non-polar stationary phase (DB-5MS) and an ionic liquid stationary phase (SLB-IL60) in the first- and the second dimension has been evaluated for the suitable separation of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). The optimization of the GC×GC-MS method was carried out using different oven temperature programs and modulation conditions, achieving the best results using a ramp temperature rate of 0.75 °C min and a modulation time of 12 s. Under these conditions, efficient separation of all PCN congeners present in Halowax formulations was achieved in 140 min, resolving some critical closed eluting isomers, such as CN-33/34/37, highly toxic CN-66/67 or CN-71/72 pairs, among others. These findings represent a significant improvement in the congener-specific separation of PCNs over the 1D-GC and GC×GC methodologies already published and the DB-5MS × SLB-IL60 column combination offered the orthogonality required for the congener-specific determination with a high peak capacity. The GC×GC-MS method was applied to the characterisation of Halowax formulations, obtaining similar compositional profiles than those previously reported.