Charging Organic Liquids by Static Charge.

Aqueous liquids can be charged effectively by a number of methods for many important applications. Organic liquids, however, cannot be charged effectively by existing methods due to their low conductivities, especially the insulating nonpolar organic liquids; hence, there has not been any significant application developed based on charged organic liquids. This study describes an effective fundamental strategy for charging organic liquids, including nonpolar organic liquids: static charge is simply mixed into the liquid. Analyses suggested that the charged species are molecular ions that reside in the bulk of the liquid after charging. This method is simple and general, and the amount and polarity of charge can be flexibly tunable. The effectiveness of this method gives rise to opportunities for the development of novel applications. Charged organic droplets are manipulated for the first time by an electric field for controlling organic reactions. Particles with charge embedded in their bulk matrices are fabricated for the first time (i.e., via polymerizing the liquid monomers mixed with static charge). The charge in this novel class of bulk-charged particles is stable and permanent, especially when compared to the typical surface-charged particles. Simultaneous bulk-charged and bulk-magnetic particles are fabricated for the first time via simply mixing both the static charge and magnetic nanoparticles into the liquid monomers. These highly versatile particles are responsive to both electric and magnetic fields for practical applications.