Magnetic fields can be generated in plasmas by the Biermann battery when the electric field produced by the electron pressure gradient has a curl. The commonly employed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model of the Biermann battery breaks down when the electron distribution function is distorted away from Maxwellian. Using both MHD and kinetic simulations of a laser-plasma interaction relevant to inertial confinement fusion we have shown that this distortion can reduce the Biermann-producing electric field by around 50%. More importantly, the use of a flux limiter in an MHD treatment to deal with the effect of the non-Maxwellian electron distribution on electron thermal transport leads to a completely unphysical prediction of the Biermann-producing electric field and so results in erroneous predictions for the generated magnetic field. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (part 2)'.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0017 | DOI Listing |
ACS Omega
May 2024
Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan.
Lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide, Li[N(SOCF)], a typical fluorochemical aimed at better electrochemical performance of battery electrolytes, in superheated water was studied for its waste treatment. When Li[N(SOCF)] was reacted in pure superheated water at 300 °C, little F ions were produced. In contrast, complete mineralization of the fluorine, sulfur, and nitrogen atoms in Li[N(SOCF)] was achieved when the reaction was performed in the presence of KMnO.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
April 2024
Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, and SKLNPT, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Phys Rev E
January 2023
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
The growth rate of the nonlinear ablative Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability is enhanced by magnetic fields self-generated by the Biermann battery mechanism; a scaling for this effect with perturbation height and wavelength is proposed and validated with extended-magnetohydrodynamic simulations. The magnetic flux generation rate around a single RT spike is found to scale with the spike height. The Hall parameter, which quantifies electron magnetization, is found to be strongly enhanced for short-wavelength spikes due to Nernst compression of the magnetic field at the spike tip.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev E
November 2022
Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Magnetic reconnection in laser-produced magnetized plasma is investigated by using optical diagnostics. The magnetic field is generated via the Biermann battery effect, and the inversely directed magnetic field lines interact with each other. It is shown by self-emission measurement that two colliding plasmas stagnate on a midplane, forming two planar dense regions, and that they interact later in time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
December 2022
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
The origin of the seed magnetic field that is amplified by the galactic dynamo is an open question in plasma astrophysics. Aside from primordial sources and the Biermann battery mechanism, plasma instabilities have also been proposed as a possible source of seed magnetic fields. Among them, thermal Weibel instability driven by temperature anisotropy has attracted broad interests due to its ubiquity in both laboratory and astrophysical plasmas.
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