Exophiala dermatitidis as a cause of central line associated bloodstream infection in an infant: Case report and literature review.

Background: Exophiala dermatitidis is a dematiaceous fungus known to cause superficial, subcutaneous, cutaneous and deep seated infections, and rarely central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). A case of CLABSI due to E. dermatitidis in an infant is described.

Case Report: Clinical and laboratory data were extracted from patient's chart and laboratory records. The isolate was identified as E. dermatitidis by phenotypic characterization and sequencing of the ITS and LSU regions of the ribosomal DNA. Medline search was done to review all cases of CLABSI due to E. dermatitidis. Among the azoles tested, posaconazole (0.06mg/l), voriconazole (0.03mg/l) and itraconazole (0.03mg/l) showed very low MICs when compared to fluconazole (4mg/l) CONCLUSIONS: As we did not found in the literature any case of CLABSI due to E. dermatitidis in an infant, we report the first one. Sequencing is a mandatory method for accurately identifying this species. Prompt removal of the central line, followed by a treatment with amphotericin B or an azole, seems to be the most effective treatment.