Neuroinflammation is the inflammatory responses that are involved in the pathogenesis of most neurological disorders. Glutaminase (GLS) is the enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamine to produce glutamate. Besides its well-known role in cellular metabolism and excitatory neurotransmission, GLS has recently been increasingly noticed to be up-regulated in activated microglia under pathological conditions. Furthermore, GLS overexpression induces microglial activation, extracellular vesicle secretion, and neuroinflammatory microenvironment formation, which, are compromised by GLS inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that GLS has more complicated implications in brain disease etiology than what are previously known. In this review, we introduce GLS isoforms, expression patterns in the body and the brain, and expression/activities regulation. Next, we discuss the metabolic and neurotransmission functions of GLS. Afterwards, we summarize recent findings of GLS-mediated microglial activation and pro-inflammatory extracellular vesicle secretion, which, in turns, induces neuroinflammation. Lastly, we provide a comprehensive discussion for the involvement of microglial GLS in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, indicating microglial GLS as a promising target to treat these diseases.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.038 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertensive Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)
January 2025
Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
This study aimed to investigate the correlation of the increased volume index of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with Hypertension (HTN). A total of 209 HTN patients and 50 healthy controls, who underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) at two medical centers in China between June 2015 and October 2024, were enrolled for this study. Postprocessing and imaging analysis were conducted and EAT measurements were performed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltrasound Predicts Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy Findings Using Machine Learning Models.
Laryngoscope
January 2025
Sonosa Medical, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.
Objectives: Ultrasound is a promising low-risk imaging modality that can provide objective airway measurements that may circumvent limitations of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE). This study was devised to identify ultrasound-derived anatomical measurements that could accurately predict collapse pattern and location based on the VOTE criteria (VOTE: Velum, Oropharynx, Tongue, and Epiglottis).
Methods: Ultrasonography was performed on 20 adult patients of various airway subsites while awake and sedated with concurrent endoscopy performed during drug-induced sleep.
Curative Parathyroidectomy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism Improves Both Systolic and Diastolic Cardiac Dysfunction: A Six-Month Follow-Up Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)
January 2025
Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India.
Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and myocardial and valvular calcifications, leading to increased mortality rates. While the association between PHPT and diastolic dysfunction has been well-documented, data on systolic dysfunction and its reversal after curative parathyroidectomy (PTX) remains limited.
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of PTX on cardiovascular parameters, especially systolic dysfunction, in PHPT patients using conventional and speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE).
Alzheimer's disease: an integrative bioinformatics and machine learning analysis reveals glutamine metabolism-associated gene biomarkers.
BMC Pharmacol Toxicol
January 2025
Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264100, PR China.
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD), a hallmark of age-related cognitive decline, is defined by its unique neuropathology. Metabolic dysregulation, particularly involving glutamine (Gln) metabolism, has emerged as a critical but underexplored aspect of AD pathophysiology, representing a significant gap in our current understanding of the disease.
Methods: To investigate the involvement of GlnMgs in AD, we conducted a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis.
A transplantation study in the high-altitude ecosystem of Ladakh suggests site-specific microenvironment is key for physiological adaptation than altitude.
Plant Physiol Biochem
January 2025
Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, J & K, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India. Electronic address:
Transplantation experiments conducted in high altitude ecosystems are rising as key strategy to examine the response of individual plant transplanted across distinct elevations. However, plant physiological and biochemical performance in response to changes in abiotic factors across different species and mountain ranges is still lacking. So in the present study, we have made an attempt to link the physiological performance with that of altitudinal gradient in Ladakh by transplanting Lepidium latifolium at four different altitudinal sites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!