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The carotid body's glomus cells are the primary sensors of hypoxia in mammals. Previous studies suggested that the glomus cells' hypoxia sensitivity is mediated by lactate in mice. This molecule increases the intracellular [Ca] and induces exocytosis in glomus cells, activating the carotid sinus nerve (the axons of chemoreceptive petrosal neurons). On the other hand, how lactate affects the activity of carotid body of rats is still unknown. We hypothesized that lactate activates the carotid body of rats. In Wistar rats, we measured the changes in the electrical properties of isolated glomus cells and petrosal chemoreceptive neurons in in situ preparations in response to different concentrations of lactate. Superfusion of both physiological and supraphysiological concentrations of lactate did not affect the membrane conductance and potential of glomus cells. Moreover, lactate injected into the carotid body did not activate the anatomically and physiologically identified chemoreceptive petrosal neurons. We conclude that the carotid body of Wistar rats is not sensitive to lactate.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2020.103593 | DOI Listing |
Nutrients
February 2025
Center for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
Obesity contributes to cardiometabolic risk, including subclinical atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. This study examines the predictive roles of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and resistin in relation to carotid intima-media thickness and metabolic parameters; : Sixty adults (18-71 years) with varying body weights were assessed for body composition, subclinical atherosclerosis, and blood biomarkers, including TMAO and resistin; : TMAO correlated strongly with CIMT (r = 0.674, < 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Coll Cardiol
March 2025
Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, USA. Electronic address:
Background: Cigarette smoking is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular harm.
Objectives: The study sought to explore the detailed relationships between smoking intensity, pack-years, and time since cessation with inflammation, thrombosis, and subclinical atherosclerosis markers of cardiovascular harm.
Methods: We included 182,364 participants (mean age 58.
Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol
February 2025
Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Ophthalmology, Izmir, Turkiye.
Background: Eye function is vitally dependent on an adequate blood supply, primarily provided by the ophthalmic artery, an internal carotid artery branch. This review provides an overview of the vascular supply of the eye.
Methods: A targeted search of PubMed / MEDLINE was performed using the terms "central retinal vein," "central retinal artery," "internal carotid artery," "ophthalmic artery," "ophthalmic vein," "posterior ciliary arteries," "retinal capillaries," "vascular supply of the eye," "ocular vascular supply," "external carotid artery," and "vortex vein".
J Physiol
March 2025
Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Dopamine is an essential modulator of oxygen sensing and control of ventilation and is the most well described and abundant neurotransmitter in the mammalian carotid body. Little is known of the evolutionary significance of dopamine in oxygen sensing, or whether it plays a similar role in anamniotes. In the model vertebrate, zebrafish (Danio rerio), presynaptic dopamine D receptor (DR) expression was demonstrated in gill neuroepithelial cells (NECs), analogues of mammalian oxygen chemoreceptors; however, a mechanism for dopamine and DR in the gills had not been defined.
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