AI Article Synopsis

  • Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) are a diverse group of non-T, non-B lymphocytes found mainly at mucosal surfaces and lack antigen-specific receptors, serving as innate counterparts to T cells.
  • New classifications of ILCs have identified five groups based on cytokine production and specific transcription factors, including NK cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s.
  • There is ongoing debate about the differences between ILC1s and NK cells, particularly in cancer research, where misidentification can affect treatment conclusions, highlighting the need for precise molecular and environmental context understanding.

Article Abstract

Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) are a recently described heterogeneous population of non-T, non-B lymphocytes. They are highly abundant at mucosal interfaces and, unlike T and B cells, they do not express somatically rearranged antigen-specific receptors. ILCs may be seen as the innate counterparts of T cells, but, major ILC deficiencies in humans appear to be clinically silent in modern conditions of hygiene and medicine, provided that T and B functions are preserved. NK cells are the founder members of this family and were originally classified in group 1 ILCs with ILC1s, due to similarities in cytokine production and development between these two types of cell. The classification of the ILC subsets was subsequently reviewed and five groups were defined on the basis of cytokine production and the discovery of specific transcription factors determining the different lineages. ILCs include NK cells, lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) cells and three other main subsets: ILC1s, ILC2s and ILC3s. The nature of distinct ILC1 population in mice and human is not consensual due to the high degree of similarity between ILCs and NK cells and their plastic relationships in some context. In this review, we will discuss the characteristics currently used for the phenotyping of NK cells and ILC1s in mice and humans, in the context of cancers especially, in which inappropriate discrimination between these two cell types can lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the specific impact of their targeting on tumors. Here, we suggest that multidimensional molecular controls, with the co-ordination of ontogeny-related signals, tissue-specific and tumor microenvironment-derived signals, determine the identity of NK cells and ILC1s. All these molecular stratifications contribute to the construction of cell fate for NK cells and ILC1s and account for the difficulties distinguishing between these two groups of cells.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2020.101424DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

cells ilc1s
12
cells
11
multidimensional molecular
8
molecular controls
8
cytokine production
8
ilcs
5
ilc1s
5
controls defining
4
defining nk/ilc1
4
nk/ilc1 identity
4

Similar Publications

Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) encompass NK cells and ILC1s, which have non-redundant roles in host protection against pathogens and cancer. Despite their circulating nature, NK cells can establish residency in selected tissues during ontogeny, forming a distinct functional subset. The mechanisms that initiate, maintain, and regulate the conversion of NK cells into tissue-resident NK (trNK) cells are currently not well understood.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Distinct Tissue-Dependent Composition and Gene Expression of Human Fetal Innate Lymphoid Cells.

Eur J Immunol

December 2024

Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

The human fetal immune system starts to develop in the first trimester and likely plays a crucial role in fetal development and maternal-fetal tolerance. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the earliest lymphoid cells to arise in the human fetus. ILCs consist of natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s that all share a common lymphoid origin.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A recent article has shown that blocking NKp46 signaling reduces injury, highlighting these cells as key drivers of organ damage and potential therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases. In lupus nephritis, NKp46 ILC1s orchestrate kidney inflammation by producing CSF2, driving the expansion of pro-inflammatory macrophages that infiltrate epithelial niches and exacerbate tissue damage.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Exposure to crystalline silica leads to silicosis, a condition characterized by progressive fibrosis, with fibroblasts playing a critical role in this process.
  • Research highlights that activated fibroblasts influence the conversion of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) to group 1 (ILC1) during silicosis progression through the interleukin-18 (IL-18) signaling pathway.
  • The study reveals that inhibiting Notch3 signaling in fibroblasts can slow down the progression of pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting new immune-modulatory mechanisms and potential treatment targets for lung diseases linked to fibrosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background/objectives: Western-type diets (WDs) damage the intestinal barrier by disrupting the gut microbiota composition and causing inflammation, leading to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by the gut microbiota and found in fermented foods and can stimulate the anti-inflammatory action of type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCS3s) in the intestine. This study hypothesised that supplementing miso, a Japanese fermented food, to a WD could increase the levels of SCFAs and thus stimulate ILC3s, decreasing inflammation in the intestine and protecting intestinal barrier integrity.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: fwrite(): Write of 34 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 272

Backtrace:

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_write_close(): Failed to write session data using user defined save handler. (session.save_path: /var/lib/php/sessions)

Filename: Unknown

Line Number: 0

Backtrace: