Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
Background: Estimates for lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have differed by study setting and have not been described in a UK primary care population.
Purpose: To describe rates of FEV and FVC decline in COPD and investigate characteristics associated with accelerated decline.
Patients And Methods: Current/ex-smoking COPD patients (35 years+) who had at least 2 FEV or FVC measurements ≥6 months apart were included using Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Patients were followed up for a maximum of 13 years. Accelerated rate of lung function decline was defined as the fastest quartile of decline using mixed linear regression, and association with baseline characteristics was investigated using logistic regression.
Results: A total of 72,683 and 50,649 COPD patients had at least 2 FEV or FVC measurements, respectively. Median rates of FEV and FVC changes or decline were -18.1mL/year (IQR: -31.6 to -6.0) and -22.7mL/year (IQR: -39.9 to -6.7), respectively. Older age, high socioeconomic status, being underweight, high mMRC dyspnoea and frequent AECOPD or severe AECOPD were associated with an accelerated rate of FEV and FVC decline. Current smoking, mild airflow obstruction and inhaled corticosteroid treatment were additionally associated with accelerated FEV decline whilst women, sputum production and severe airflow obstruction were associated with accelerated FVC decline.
Conclusion: Rate of FEV and FVC decline was similar and showed similar heterogeneity. Whilst FEV and FVC shared associations with baseline characteristics, a few differences highlighted the importance of both lung function measures in COPD progression. We identified important characteristics that should be monitored for disease progression.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7701160 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S278981 | DOI Listing |
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