Antibiofilm and Enzyme Inhibitory Potentials of Two Annonaceous Food Spices, African Pepper () and African Nutmeg ().

Food pathogens represent an important health threat, and it is relevant to study the effect of foodstuffs such as spices which can inhibit bacterial growth. This study reports the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and enzyme (Acetylcholinesterase, Butyrylcholinesterase, urease, tyrosinase) inhibitory activities of two medicinal food spices belonging to the Annonaceae family, and . GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) analysis of silylated samples of Methanol-Dicloromethane (50:50) extracts of both plants led to the identification of nine compounds in and seven compounds in . and had the same minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.625 mg/mL and 2.5 mg/mL on and , respectively. However, had better activity than on , while was more susceptible to than . The lowest MIC value was 0.1325 mg/mL, exhibited by on . Both extracts showed good antibiofilm activity. On , at the same concentration, had better antibiofilm activity than . On and , had better antibiofilm activity than at the same concentration. showed better violacein inhibition in CV12472, as its percentage inhibition of violacein varied from 80.5% ± 3.0% at MIC to 5.6 ± 0.2 at MIC/8, as compared to with 75.1% ± 2.5% at MIC and 15.5% ± 1.1% at MIC/8. The anti-motility activity by swimming and swarming inhibition on PA01 was low at test concentrations and in both models, showed higher motility inhibition than . Although in enzyme inhibitory assays all extracts had low inhibitions compared to standards tested at the same concentrations, the results show that these plants can be used to manage food-borne infections.