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Species radiations have long served as model systems in evolutionary biology. However, it has only recently become possible to study the genetic bases of the traits responsible for diversification and only in a small number of model systems. Here, we use genomes of 36 species of North, Central, and South American warblers to highlight the role of pigmentation genes-involved in melanin and carotenoid processing-in the diversification of this group. We show that agouti signaling protein (ASIP) and beta-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) are predictably divergent between species that differ in the distribution of melanin and carotenoid in their plumages, respectively. Among species, sequence variation at ASIP broadly mirrors the species' phylogenetic history, consistent with repeated, independent mutations generating melanin-based variation. In contrast, BCO2 variation is highly discordant from the species tree, with evidence of cross-lineage introgression among species like the yellow warbler (Setophaga petechia) and magnolia warbler (S. magnolia) with extensive carotenoid-based coloration. We also detect introgression of a small part of the BCO2 coding region (<3 kb) in S. discolor and S. vitellina, including an amino acid substitution that is unique to warblers but otherwise highly conserved across birds. Lateral transfer of carotenoid-processing genes has been documented in arthropods, but introgression of BCO2 as demonstrated here-presumably adaptive-represents the first example of carotenoid gene transfer among vertebrates. These contrasting genomic patterns show that both independent evolution in a common set of genes and past hybridization have fueled plumage diversification in this colorful avian radiation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.094 | DOI Listing |
J Health Popul Nutr
December 2024
Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Background: The link between regional body fat distribution and overactive bladder (OAB) in prior epidemiological research has been uncertain. Our objective is to assess the relationship between increased regional body fat and the prevalence of OAB.
Methods: Within this analysis, 8,084 individuals aged 20 years and older were selected from NHANES surveys conducted from 2011 to 2018.
BMC Psychol
December 2024
Beijing Infinite Brain Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100022, PR China.
Background: Traditional cognitive assessments, often reliant on paper-and-pencil tests and professional evaluators, suffer from subjectivity and limited result discrimination. This study introduces the Baguan Online Cognitive Assessment System (BOCAS), a tablet-based system that evaluates both general cognitive ability (GCA) and domain-specific functions across six domains: sensory-motor skills, processing speed, sustained attention, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and spatial ability.
Methods: BOCAS was validated with 151 healthy Chinese adults aged 18-40.
BMC Res Notes
December 2024
Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Gambella University, Gambella, Ethiopia.
Background: Measles is a very contagious illness that can be clinically diagnosed and intervened quickly. It is caused by the measles virus Morbillivirus. The disease has a case fatality rate of 5% to 10% in the sub-Saharan region.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
December 2024
Shenzhen institute of advanced technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Functional Thin Films Research Centre, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, 518000, SHENZHEN, CHINA.
Organics electrode materials offer multi-electron reactivity, flexible structures, and redox reversibility, but encounter poor conductivity and durability in electrolytes. To overcome above barriers, we propose a dual elongation strategy of π-conjugated motifs with active sites, involving extended carbazole and electropolymerized crosslinked polymer, which enhances electronic conductivity by the electronic delocalization of electron-withdrawing conjugated groups, boosts theoretical capacity by increasing redox-active site density, and endows robust electrochemical stability attributed to crosslinked organic structures. As a proof-of-concept, 5,11-dihydridoindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (DHIC) is selected as the model cathode material for a dual-ion battery, with elongated carbazole groups functioning both as redox-active centers and polymerization anchors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImplement Sci Commun
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 West 10th St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
Background: Youth involved in the legal system have disproportionately higher rates of problematic substance use than non-involved youth. Identifying and connecting legal-involved youth to substance use intervention is critical and relies on the connection between legal and behavioral health agencies, which may be facilitated by learning health systems (LHS). We analyzed the impact of an LHS intervention on youth legal and behavioral health personnel ratings of their cross-system collaboration.
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