The stoichiometric characteristics of water-soluble ions (WSIs) in PM, which can be used as an indicator socioeconomic development level, are mostly depending on the sources and formation mechanism of PM. This work presents the stoichiometric characteristics and socioeconomic linkage of WSIs in PM from a resource-dependent city. The relationship between NO/SO and car parc indexes the contribution of mobile emission source. The equivalent ratio of WSIs suggested that aerosol particles were weak acidic due to the deficiency of cations in PM, which was consistent with the average annual pH (6.27) of precipitation in Wuhai in 2015. NH neutralizes PM acidity in clean and polluted days, while Ca and NH in dust storm days. Furthermore, the PCA analysis indicated the multi-sources pollution characteristics from Spring to Fall, which was related the small build-up area (only 62.30 km) and the close-set of various industrial enterprises in Wuhai. The ratios of NO/SO may not work effectively to identify the importance of mobile versus stationary pollution emission sources when the heavy emission from the secondary industry, especially the proportion of secondary industry higher than 65% and the ratios of NO/SO lower than 0.4. This work contributes to more effective control strategies for PM in resource-dependent areas.
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