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Improving the Prioritization of Heart Transplantation Candidates for Optimal Clinical Outcomes: A Narrative Review.
Curr Cardiol Rep
January 2025
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center HCMC, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 72714, Vietnam.
Purpose Of Review: This narrative review evaluates the limitations of current heart transplantation allocation models, which prioritize medical urgency and waitlist time but fail to adequately predict long-term post-transplant outcomes. It aims to identify advanced metrics that can strengthen the prioritization framework while addressing persistent racial, geographic, and socioeconomic inequities in access to transplantation.
Recent Findings: Recent research indicates that incorporating frailty, nutritional status, immunological compatibility, and pulmonary hemodynamics into allocation frameworks can enhance the prediction of transplant outcomes.
In the United States, Black autistic youth face elevated risk of negative outcomes during police interactions. Although the outcomes of these interactions are well-documented, less is known about Black autistic youths' experiences during police encounters, as the current literature has largely examined the experiences of autistic adults, mostly White American samples, and/or autistic youth abroad. This study utilizes qualitative methods to examine the perceptions and concerns of 43 Black caregivers (N = 43; 98% parents; 2% legal guardians; 93% mothers) of Black autistic children (mean age: 16.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTaxonomy-based prompt engineering to generate synthetic drug-related patient portal messages.
J Biomed Inform
December 2024
Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, MD, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA.
Objective: The objectives of this study were to: (1) create a corpus of synthetic drug-related patient portal messages to address the current lack of publicly available datasets for model development, (2) assess differences in language used and linguistics among the synthetic patient portal messages, and (3) assess the accuracy of patient-reported drug side effects for different racial groups.
Methods: We leveraged a taxonomy for patient- and clinician-generated content to guide prompt engineering for synthetic drug-related patient portal messages. We generated two groups of messages: the first group (200 messages) used a subset of the taxonomy relevant to a broad range of drug-related messages and the second group (250 messages) used a subset of the taxonomy relevant to a narrow range of messages focused on side effects.
Applying natural language processing to understand symptoms among older adults home healthcare patients with urinary incontinence.
J Nurs Scholarsh
November 2024
Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York, USA.
Introduction: Little is known about the range and frequency of symptoms among older adult home healthcare patients with urinary incontinence, as this information is predominantly contained in clinical notes. Natural language processing can uncover symptom information among older adults with urinary incontinence to promote holistic, equitable care.
Design: We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data collected between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017, from the largest HHC agency in the Northeastern United States.
Role of Impulsivity in Explaining Social Gradient in Youth Tobacco Use Initiation: Does Race Matter?
Open J Neurosci
August 2024
The Prevention Sciences Research Center, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is traditionally viewed as a protective factor against impulsivity and subsequent tobacco use in youth. The prevailing model suggests that higher SES is associated with lower impulsivity, which in turn reduces the likelihood of future tobacco use. However, this pathway may not hold uniformly across racial groups due to differences in impulsivity and the phenomenon of Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs), where the protective effects of SES, such as educational attainment, tend to be weaker or even reversed for Black youth compared to their White counterparts.
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