The Effect of Continuous Field Block through Intercostal Muscles after Atrial Septal Defect Closure via a Mini-Right Thoracotomy in Pediatric Patients.

Background: Postoperative pain management in thoracotomy patients often is difficult. Furthermore, pediatric patients present more challenges because of their inability to effectively communicate their pain intensity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of continuous field block through intercostal muscles as postoperative pain management in pediatric thoracotomy.

Methods: Between 2014 and 2018, 11 patients underwent an ASD closure using a cardiopulmonary bypass via a mini-right thoracotomy through the fourth intercostal space. At the time of chest closure, a single-shot field block via the fourth intercostal muscles was performed with levobupivacaine (0.6 mg/kg). The first five patients were only given the single-shot field block (Single group). The remaining six patients were given levobupivacaine continuously (0.1 mg/kg/hr) through an indwelling catheter until the chest tube removal (Continuous group). The groups' vital signs, total amounts of acetaminophen used, postoperative courses were compared.

Results: Although the heart rate did not differ between the groups, the respiratory rate was significantly higher in the Single group versus the Continuous group at 16 and 32 hr post-surgery (35.6 ± 9.7/min vs. 18.5 ± 4.7/min; p=0.007, 43.0 ± 10.4 vs. 25.3 ± 3.1; p=0.042, respectively). The accumulated dosage of acetaminophen given by postoperative day 2 was significantly higher in the Single group versus the Continuous group (55.3 ± 22.1 mg/kg vs. 7.8 ± 17.4 mg/kg; p=0.012).

Conclusions: Continuous field block via intercostal muscles after ASD closure via a mini-right thoracotomy in children was effective to stabilize the vital signs and reduce the analgesic medication use.