Nanoparticle (NPs) toxicity in the plant has drawn considerable attention. Fenugreek plants were cultivated for 16 days in hydroponic experiments and treated with 50 and 100 mg L titanium oxide (TiO) NPs of two sizes [23 ± 1.6 nm (D1) and 83 ± 15 nm. (D2)]. The level of Ti in roots was higher than that of leaves and stems of plants treated with 100 mg L of TiO NPs (D1, D2). Ti caused a depletion of Ca and Mn compared with root control. The titane (Ti) damage to root cellular membranes could alter the plant's capacity to absorb and transport some nutrients. In our study, increasing the size of TiO NPs produced increases in the contents of Mg, Zn and Mn, and a decline in the contents of Fe and Cu in leaves and stems. In roots, Fe and Cu decreased after TiO NPs (D2) exposure. Changes in the fenugreek plant mineral composition were assessed, and physiological disturbances could be directly correlated with exposure to NPs.
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