Objective: To investigate how people with communication and understanding difficulties, associated with conditions such as dementia, autism and intellectual disability, are represented in research guidance supplementary to the Mental Capacity Act (MCA: 2005) in England and Wales.
Methods: A documentary survey was conducted. The sample comprised the MCA Code of Practice (CoP: 2007) and 14 multi-authored advisory documents that were publicly available on the Health Research Authority website. Textual review of key words was conducted followed by summative content analysis.
Results: Representation of people with communication and understanding difficulties was confined to procedural information and position statements that focused mainly on risk management and protection. Whilst a need to engage potential participants was recognized, guidance provided was imprecise.
Conclusions: Tensions exist between the protection versus empowerment of people with communication and understanding difficulties in research. The development of structured, evidence-based guidance is indicated.
Patient Or Public Contribution: People with communication and understanding difficulties and carers participated in a working group to explore, discuss and interpret the findings.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hex.13165 | DOI Listing |
JAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, State University New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.
Importance: Environmental service workers (ESWs) have a critical role within the hospital infrastructure and are at the frontline of infection prevention. ESWs are highly trained in managing all forms of regulated waste, which includes biohazardous waste, and are responsible for the overall patient experience, janitorial work, and infection prevention. Without environmental services, patients have a 6 times greater risk of being infected by pathogens from patients who previously occupied their room.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJAMA Netw Open
January 2025
VA Center for Health Information and Communication, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Health Systems Research CIN 13-416, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Importance: Compared with cisgender (CG) individuals, transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals experience substantial social and economic disparities that can result in adverse mental health consequences. It is critical to understand potential barriers to care and to address the causes of the disparities in the future.
Objective: To characterize mental health care utilization among TGD veterans with depression.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
January 2025
Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
Purpose: Previous studies have reported divergent sexual responses to aging; however, specific variations in gene expression between aging males and females and their potential association with age-related retinal diseases remain unclear. This study collected data from public databases and developed a comprehensive comparison of retina between aging females and males.
Methods: Single-cell RNA (scRNA) and bulk RNA sequencing data of the aging retina from females and males in public databases were utilized for integrated analysis to investigate sex-biased expression in retina.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn
December 2024
Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute of Psychology.
The goal of the present investigation was to perform a registered replication of Jones and Macken's (1995b) study, which showed that the segregation of a sequence of sounds to distinct locations reduced the disruptive effect on serial recall. Thereby, it postulated an intriguing connection between auditory stream segregation and the cognitive mechanisms underlying the irrelevant speech effect. Specifically, it was found that a sequence of changing utterances was less disruptive in stereophonic presentation, allowing each auditory object (letters) to be allocated to a unique location (right ear, left ear, center), compared to when the same sounds were played monophonically.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Spinal Cord Med
January 2025
Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Introduction: Spinal cord injury is a physiological disruption often caused by trauma, leading to severe physical and psychological effects, including irreversible impairment and disability. Cervical injuries, particularly between C1 and C8, are the most severe, potentially causing diaphragm paralysis and requiring mechanical ventilation. Reduced respiratory muscle strength not only affects respiratory function but also significantly impacts voice, speech, and communication, which are crucial for quality of life.
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