Severity: Warning
Message: fopen(/var/lib/php/sessions/ci_sessionpgjduhnf7h0tmq5er79sol1o384c8gtc): Failed to open stream: No space left on device
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 177
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Failed to read session data: user (path: /var/lib/php/sessions)
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 137
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Undefined array key "choices"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: strpos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated
Filename: models/Detail_model.php
Line Number: 71
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/models/Detail_model.php
Line: 71
Function: strpos
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 252
Function: insertAPISummary
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 8919
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 8919
Function: str_replace
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 255
Function: formatAIDetailSummary
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Undefined array key "choices"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 257
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 257
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 257
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 257
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 258
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 258
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 258
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 258
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 259
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 259
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 259
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 259
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 260
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 260
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 260
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 260
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 260
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 260
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 994
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3134
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Extracellular vesicles are encapsulated lipid nanoparticles secreted by a variety of cell types in living organisms. They are known to carry proteins, metabolites, nucleic acids, and lipids as their cargoes and are important mediators of intercellular communication. The role of extracellular vesicles in chronic liver disease has been reported. Chronic liver disease such as viral hepatitis accounts for a significant mortality and morbidity burden worldwide. Hepatic fibrosis has been commonly associated with the chronic form of viral hepatitis, which results in end-stage liver disease, including cirrhosis, liver failure, and carcinoma in some patients. In this review, we discuss the potential role of extracellular vesicles in mediating communication between infectious agents (hepatitis B and C viruses) and host cells, and how these complex cell-cell interactions may facilitate the development of chronic liver disease. We will further discuss how understanding their biological mechanism of action might be beneficial for developing therapeutic strategies to treat chronic liver disease.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7683521 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.587628 | DOI Listing |
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