Biomarkers for diseases are important for the development of clinical diagnostic tests and can provide early intervention for cancer or cardiovascular patients. Over the past decade, antibody array technology has achieved significant technological improvement in the quantitative measurement of more than a thousand proteins simultaneously and has been utilized to screen and identify unique proteins as disease biomarkers. However, few biomarkers have been translated into clinical application. This chapter will discuss the protocol for the screening and validation of unique proteins that create a new avenue for biomarker discovery.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1064-0_20 | DOI Listing |
J Immunother Cancer
January 2025
Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is a cornerstone treatment for many cancers, but it can induce severe immunotoxicity, including acute interstitial nephritis (AIN). Currently, kidney biopsy is required to differentiate ICI-AIN from other causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, this invasive approach can lead to morbidity, delayed glucocorticoid treatment for patients with AIN, and unnecessarily prolonged suspension of ICI therapy in non-AIN patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhytomedicine
January 2025
Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China. Electronic address:
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for the majority of primary liver cancers and is associated with poor survival. Formosanin C (FC) is a diosgenin glycoside extracted from Paris polyphylla. Therapeutic effects of FC against HCC malignancies remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Psychiatr Res
January 2025
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department for Mechanical, Electronics and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
Biomarkers for the diagnosis and clinical management of psychiatric disorders are currently lacking. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid membrane-encapsulated vesicles released by cells, hold promise as a source of biomarkers due to their ability to carry molecules that reflect the status of their donor cells and their ubiquitous presence in biofluids. This review examines the literature on EVs in biofluids from psychiatric disorder patients, and discuss how the published studies contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of these conditions and to the discovery of potential biomarkers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochem Genet
January 2025
Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
One in 16, 000 live births is affected by the retinal tumor RB (retinoblastoma), which is frequently found in a child's early years. Both of the RB1 alleles that have been locally mutated in the affected retina are present in 60 percent of cases. Retinoblastoma (RB) can be detected using a variety of techniques, including imaging of the brain and orbits, eye examinations under anesthesia (EUAs), and the discovery of cell-free tumor DNA in samples of aqueous humor or plasma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chem
January 2025
Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, P.R. China.
Acylaminoacyl-peptide hydrolase (APEH), a serine peptidase that belongs to the prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) family, catalyzes removal of N-terminal acetylated amino acid residues from peptides. As a key regulator of protein N-terminal acetylation, APEH was involved in many important physiological processes while its aberrant expression was correlated with progression of various diseases such as inflammation, diabetics, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and cancers. However, while emerging attention has been attracted in APEH-related disease diagnosis and drug discovery, the mechanisms behind APEH and related disease progression are still unclear; thus, further investigating the physiological role and function of APEH is of great importance.
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