UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) is necessary for sialic acid biosynthesis. GNE myopathy is caused by a defect in GNE, and hyposialylation is a key factor in the pathomechanism of GNE myopathy. Although candidates for evaluating hyposialylation have been reported, it is difficult to measure them in routine clinical practice. Sialylation is necessary for synthesis of various glycoproteins, including Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6)/mucin 1 (MUC1). Here we report that KL-6/MUC1 is decreased in GNE myopathy. We observed that KL-6 levels were decreased in the serum of patients with GNE myopathy, and that KL-6 and MUC1-C were also decreased in muscle biopsy specimens from these patients. An immunofluorescent study revealed that KL-6 and MUC1-C were not present in the sarcolemma but were, instead, localized in rimmed vacuoles in specimens from patients with GNE myopathy. KL-6 is already used to detect lung diseases in clinical practice, and this glycoprotein may be a novel candidate for evaluating hyposialylation in GNE myopathy.
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Article Synopsis
- GNE myopathy is a rare genetic muscle disorder that leads to weakness in the ankles and muscle degeneration, caused by mutations in the GNE gene that reduce sialic acid production.
- A clinical trial tested a supplement, 6'-sialyllactose (6SL), at doses of 3g and 6g to see if it could improve muscle strength and health, revealing better outcomes in muscle strength and reduced degeneration with the higher dose.
- The latest study involved 11 participants to compare 6SL with a placebo group over 48 weeks, finding no major differences in muscle strength but a significant degeneration in muscle fat measured by MRI, indicating muscle health issues, particularly in the placebo group.
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