To evaluate the effectiveness of radioactive iodine (I) therapy in patients with Graves' disease (GD) in Assiut University Hospital. We retrospectively evaluated two hundred and seven patients with GD, after their therapy with I. Before therapy all the included patients underwent neck ultrasound, hormonal assay and Technetium-pertechntate (Tc) thyroid scintigraphy to evaluate percentage uptake of the thyroid gland, after therapy all patients followed up clinically and laboratory every 3 months for at least one year to detect outcome; where euthyroid or hypothyroid status denotes successful therapy. Successful outcome obtained in 165/207 patients representing 79.7% of the study population while in the remaining 42 (20.3%) patients a second dose was required. In Univariate analysis only dose of I and previous thyroid surgery are the important factors ( value = 0.003 and 0.001 respectively). We concluded that I therapy is highly effective and cost-effective method for treatment of GD, higher doses are associated with higher success rate.
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