Background: The Angong Niuhuang pill (ANP) has been widely used in the adjuvant treatment of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the efficacy and adverse reactions of this drug are controversial. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ANP on patients with TBI by a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedicine Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP), and Wangfang databases were systematically searched from their establishment until June 2020. RCTs of ANP treating TBI were enrolled. Odds risk (OR) was used to assess the total effective rate and safety and mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the quantitative data. Tthe included literature's quality was evaluated by RevMan 5.3. The sensitivity and publication bias was evaluated by Stata 16.0.
Results: Twelve studies were identified in this systematic review, including 1,568 participants. The metaanalysis results suggested that ANP combined with routine treatment obviously improved the postoperative GCS [MD =1.97, 95% CI (1.22, 2.72), P<0.01] and GOS [OR =2.28, 95% CI (1.60, 3.22), P<0.01] of patients with TBI. ANP also increased Mg2+ concentration and decreased pulmonary infection. In addition, ANP significantly reduced NSE, gastrointestinal bleeding, and liver and kidney function damage.
Conclusions: Based on limited evidence, ANP adjuvant therapy may have a clinical benefit in improving the prognosis of patients with TBI and reducing the associated complications. At the same time, more studies with larger sample sizes and high quality are required to determine the safety and effectiveness of ANP adjuvant therapy.
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