Enhanced catalytic peroxymonosulfate activation over carbon shells encapsulating cobalt ferrite radical and nonradical routes.

Well-defined carbon shells encapsulating CoFe2O4 deliver superior performance in catalytic PMS activation for organics degradation with a reaction rate constant of 0.269 min-1, 4.7 times the hollow CoFe2O4 and 2.7 times the solid carbon sphere encapsulated one. This is attributed to the comprehensive effects of the Co2+ and C[double bond, length as m-dash]O active sites for free radical and nonradical mechanisms. The nanostructured materials outperformed most of the carbon- or cobalt-iron-based catalysts.