Statement Of Problem: Published data regarding association between edentulous mandibular residual ridge resorption and nutritional status of geriatric patients is limited.
Purpose: The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the degree of mandibular residual ridge resorption in completely edentulous participants and to investigate the role of dietary nutrients in the resorption process.
Material And Methods: Three hundred (55% men and 45% women; aged between 35 and 85 years) completely edentulous participants with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. A standardized panoramic radiograph was made, measurements were made digitally, and the amount of resorption was calculated using the Wical and Swoope method. The blood plasma levels of vitamin D3 were analyzed by using the direct competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) method, whereas the total calcium and phosphorus were determined by using spectrophotometer method. Statistical data of serum nutrient levels (calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D3), age, sex, and residual ridge resorption were subjected to the Mann-Whitney U test, the Spearman correlation test, and a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis (α=.05).
Results: Calcium (P=.003) and phosphorus (P<.001) levels were significantly increased in the female participants as compared with the male participants. Vitamin D3 levels were similar in all the participants. Moreover, metabolic levels of calcium (rho=-0.09), phosphorus (rho=-0.10), and vitamin D3 (rho=-0.02) were found to be reduced with increasing age. However, male participants had increased mandibular residual ridge resorption (P<.001) with positive correlation (rho=0.06) when compared with female participants. Mandibular ridge resorption was increased with a decrease in levels of serum nutrients.
Conclusions: Increased levels of mandibular residual ridge resorption were observed in participants with decreased levels of systemic biochemical parameters, including calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D3. Moreover, male participants showed increased residual ridge resorption when compared with female participants, who showed a significantly higher level of serum nutrient levels. Serum nutrient levels decreased, whereas mandibular residual ridge resorption increased with age.
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