Titanium decorated iron oxide (Ti@FeO) regulates the proliferation of bovine muscle satellite cells through oxidative stress.

In the present study, the titanium decorated iron oxide (Ti@FeO) nanocomposites are synthesized using the chemical method. The as-prepared nanocomposite was characterized for successful formulation and the elemental spectra showed the composition of Fe (44%), Ti (0.71%) and O (55%) is confirmed the homogenous distribution. Crystallographic spectra depict the strong peaks corresponding to the of TiO and FeO nanoparticles planes with minor shift variation due to the formulation of Ti on the surface of FeO nanoparticles and it is also confirmed with SAED analysis. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of Ti@FeO) nanocomposite confirms the existence of elements such as Fe, O and Ti. Further, the morphology of the composite showed the well-defined encapsulation and aggregation of TiO nanoparticles on the surface of FeO nanoparticles. Further, the TiO nanoparticles showed less cytotoxic activity against bovine satellite cells, as well the nanocomposite increased the growth of bovine satellite cells comparing with control cells. Further, the morphological analysis showed the significant changes in TiO nanoparticles treated cells and the nanocomposite induces the myotube formation due to the increased ROS level in bovine satellite cells. Moreover, the nanocomposite regulates the expression of genes IGF-1, TGF-β, MSTN, CASP3, CASP2 and proteins such as CALP1, CALP2, MyoD, MyoG which are responsible for the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of satellite cells. Together, the prepared Ti@FeO nanocomposites afford additional support for the applications of nanomaterials in skeletal muscle repair and tissue regeneration engineering.