4-Benzyloxylonchocarpin and Muracatanes A-C from L. and Their Biological Effects.

L. is a spiny fruit buttercup that is used in various traditional medicinal systems. In the current investigation of , the new chalcone 4-benzyloxylonchocarpin (), the new anthraquinone muracatanes A (), the new-to-nature anthraquinone muracatanes B (), and the new naphthalene analog muracatanes C () were isolated, in addition to the three previously reported compounds, 4-methoxylonchocarpin (), β-sitosterol (), and β-sitosterol β-D-glucopyranoside (). Their structures were elucidated using 1D (H and C) and 2D (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI-MS. Chalcone showed potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects with of 5.39 µM and of 3.54 µM, but none of the isolated compounds showed inhibitory activity towards butyrylcholinesterase. Anthraquinone illustrated α-glucosidase inhibitory effects with IC-values of 164.46 ± 83.04 µM. Compound displayed moderate cytotoxic activity towards ovarian carcinoma (A2780, IC = 25.4 µM), colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29, IC = 20.2 µM), breast cancer (MCF7, IC = 23.7 µM), and thyroid carcinoma (SW1736, IC = 26.2 µM) while it was inactive towards pharynx carcinoma (FaDu: IC > 30 µM).