Selenomonas species are crescent shaped Gram-negative bacilli with a characteristic tuft of flagella located on the concave surface. They are normally found in human gingiva or the rumen of herbivores. The first case of Selenomonas bacteraemia to be reported in a patient immunocompromised by malignant disease is described and the two previously reported cases of Selenomonas bacteraemia as reviewed. The importance of careful anaerobic culturing to recover the organism and special diagnostic techniques to classify the bacteria as Selenomonas species are emphasised. These organisms may cause serious human disease including bacteraemia.
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