Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze guidance about medical decision making contained in ethics codes. The primary question we address is which of the main decision-making models - informed decision making (IDM), shared decision making (SDM), or paternalism - is promoted by these codes.
Methods: We manually searched codes of medical ethics for guidance on medical decision making. Our analysis focused on the major international code, the World Medical Association International Code of Medical Ethics (ICME), and national codes of the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the UK, Ireland, Germany, France and Norway.
Results: The ICME does not promote any specific model of medical decision making. 10 of the 11 analyzed national codes contain guidance about IDM, while only four refer to SDM. Some codes contain articles which are imprecise with regard to the question of medical decision making.
Conclusions: All of the analyzed national codes should be updated or amended. In particular, given the great importance of SDM in medicine, codes which do not contain relevant guidance should be updated.
Practice Implications: Relevant amendments introduced to ethics codes could contribute to promoting of adequate standards of medical decision making (especially those regarding SDM) among doctors.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2020.10.034 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Pathways to One Health: Enhancing Inter-Sectoral Collaboration in Pakistan.
Ecohealth
January 2025
Health Services Academy, Chak Shahzad, Park Road, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
One Health is an integrative approach aiming to achieve optimal health outcomes by recognizing the interconnection between humans, animals, and the environment. This study explores the understanding, perspectives, hurdles, and implications of intersectoral collaboration within Pakistan's human health system, focusing on One Health principles. A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed, involving 17 key informant interviews with purposively selected stakeholders from public health, agriculture, veterinary medicine, agriculture and environmental science.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMachine learning assisted classification RASAR modeling for the nephrotoxicity potential of a curated set of orally active drugs.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, India.
We have adopted the classification Read-Across Structure-Activity Relationship (c-RASAR) approach in the present study for machine-learning (ML)-based model development from a recently reported curated dataset of nephrotoxicity potential of orally active drugs. We initially developed ML models using nine different algorithms separately on topological descriptors (referred to as simply "descriptors" in the subsequent sections of the manuscript) and MACCS fingerprints (referred to as "fingerprints" in the subsequent sections of the manuscript), thus generating 18 different ML QSAR models. Using the chemical spaces defined by the modeling descriptors and fingerprints, the similarity and error-based RASAR descriptors were computed, and the most discriminating RASAR descriptors were used to develop another set of 18 different ML c-RASAR models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConceptual foundations of a REFRAME-based approach to discriminate across total knee implant designs based on the positions of functional centres of rotation.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.
In modern knee arthroplasty, surgeons increasingly aim for individualised implant selection based on data-driven decisions to improve patient satisfaction rates. The identification of an implant design that optimally fits to a patient's native kinematic patterns and functional requirements could provide a basis towards subject-specific phenotyping. The goal of this study was to achieve a first step towards identifying easily accessible and intuitive features that allow for discrimination between implant designs based on kinematic data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComplex Diophantine interval-valued Pythagorean normal set for decision-making processes.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Mathematics, Dambi Dollo University, Dambi Dollo, Oromia, Ethiopia.
A novel method for solving the multiple-attribute decision-making problem is proposed using the complex Diophantine interval-valued Pythagorean normal set (CDIVPNS). This study aims to discuss aggregating operations and how they are interpreted. We discuss the concept of CDIVPN weighted averaging (CDIVPNWA), CDIVPN weighted geometric (CDIVPNWG), generalized CDIVPN weighted averaging (CGDIVPNWA) and generalized CGDIVPN weighted geometric (CGDIVPNWG).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffect of radiotherapy exposure on fruquintinib plus sintilimab treatment in refractory microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer: a prospective observation study.
J Immunother Cancer
January 2025
Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with antiangiogenic drugs have shown promising outcomes in the third-line and subsequent treatments of patients with microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer (MSS-mCRC). Radiotherapy (RT) may enhance the antitumor effect of immunotherapy. However, the effect of RT exposure on patients receiving ICIs and targeted therapy remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!